ENTSO-E Technopedia
Welcome to ENTSO-E’s new tool, the Technopedia!
Energy transition is underway, we help you to keep up with the new technologies related to the Transmission System Operators. Below you will find factsheets of different innovative and state-of-the-art technologies covering the fields of transmission assets, system operations, digital and flexibility solutions. These up-to-date sheets will help you to understand each technology and their advantages, and also to show their readiness level
High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) Cables
Superconducting cables are based on special superconducting materials that are cooled down to extrem...
5G Digital Cellular Networks
5G is the 5th generation cellular network technology that provides broadband access. The 5G wireless...
Artificial Intelligence
In modern life, Artificial Intelligence (AI) already plays a significant role in social media and st...
Static Synchronous Series Compensator
The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is a power quality FACTS device that employs a VSC ...
Distributed Ledger Technology / Blockchain
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is an asset database that is shared and stored across a decentra...
Cloud and Edge Computing
Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on shared computing resources rather than hav...
Digital Twin
The new digital twin (DT) approach in production and AM claims to optimise the value chains in vario...
Internet of Things
The Internet was established to transfer files and share information between local area networks – t...
Satellite Applications
Satellites can be used for many different applications such as communication, broadcasting, navigati...
Software-Defined Security
Software-defined security (SDS) is a model in which the information security is controlled. The func...
Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
A STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) is a fast-acting device capable of providing or absorbing...
Voltage Source Converters
Voltage Source Converters (VSC) are self-commutated converters to connect HVAC and HVDC systems usin...
Gas Insulated Substation
Gas insulated substation (GIS) consist of components where active parts on high voltage potential ar...
Large-Scale DC Overlay Grid Concepts
DC overlay systems are quite radical evolutions of the legacy of AC interconnected systems developed...
Synchronous Condenser
A synchronous condenser (also called a synchronous capacitor or synchronous compensator) is a DC-exc...
DC Gas Insulated Switchgear – DC Gas Insulated Substation
Gas-insulated switchgear assemblies for DC application (DC GIS) provide a compact technical solution...
Gas Insulated Lines (GIL) AC
In Gas Insulated Lines (GIL), the inner conductor is located in a pipe the approximate diameter of w...
New Tower Concepts
The main components of OHLs are towers, tower foundation, conductors and insulators. The task of the...
Phase Shifting Transformers
A phase shifting transformer (PST) is a specialised type of transformer, typically used to control t...
Adaptive Protection Technology
A conventional protection system has relays with fixed setting parameters. With the growing complexi...
Mixed Technology Substations
Mixed technology substations (MTS) incorporate the use of air-insulated and gas insulated components...
Partial Undergrounding
Partial undergrounding with cables can be a solution when public acceptance or environmental impact ...
Circuit Breakers - AC
A circuit breaker (CB) refers to a mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and brea...
HVDC Circuit Breakers
The HVDC circuit breaker is a switching device that interrupts the flow of normal and abnormal direc...
Voltage Uprating
An increase of the voltage level allows for a significant increase of the transmission capacity in t...
(Variable) Shunt Reactor
Shunt reactors (SRs) are used in high voltage energy transmission systems to control the voltage dur...
Gas Insulated Lines (GIL) DC
Direct Current Gas Insulated Lines (GIL), known as DC CTL – Compact Transmission Line for HVDC, is a...
HVDC Mass Impregnated (MI) Cables
HVDC Mass Impregnated (MI) cables are a very consolidated and traditional technology mainly deployed...
HVDC XLPE (Cross-linked Polyethylene)
Favourable installation, operation and testing parameters have led to the development of extruded in...
AC Power Transformers (with Tap Changer)
AC Extra High Voltage (EHV) power transformers are an essential component of the power system enabli...
Fault Current Limiter
Fault Current Limiters (FCLs) act as an additional high impedance to limit high fault currents to an...
Asset Management, Tools and Procedures
Asset management (AM) is one of the most important chapters in the operation of the power system (an...
Digital Fault Recorders
A digital fault recorder (DFR) is an intelligent electronic device (IED)^1 that samples binary data ...
Hybrid AC/DC OHL
Hybrid AC / DC OHL is a technology used to increase the transmission capacity of existing mainly AC ...
Line-Commutated Converters - Current Source Converters
Line-commutated converters (LCCs) are the conventional, mature and well-established technology used ...
Enhanced Load Forecasting
Conventional load forecasting techniques have been widely used over the past 30 years. These forecas...
Enhanced RES Infeed Forecasting - Wind
The massive penetration of weather-dependent RES generation brings several challenges to power syste...
Drones and Robotics
Power grid inspection and AM are an integral part of power grid maintenance. Drones and robotic tech...
Conventional Conductors
High Voltage AC Overhead Lines (OHL) are most commonly used for the transmission of energy. Thereby,...
High Temperature Low Sag Conductors (HTLS)
High Temperature Low Sag Conductors (HTLS) can withstand operating temperatures of up to 210 °C, thu...
HVAC XLPE (Cross-linked Polyethylene)
HVAC cables are typically used as an alternative transmission technology when overhead lines are not...
Dynamic Line Rating (DLR)
The Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) of OHL uses the fact that the ampacity of OHL depends on ambient condi...
Network Code for Market
The network code family focusing on the market perspective in the grid can be decomposed into the ca...
Network Code for Operations
System operation Network code contains details about the requirements and principles of operational ...
Network Code for Connection Points
To overcome technical barriers regarding the new generation of RES inverters, the high penetration o...
Demand Response to Information
Information about own consumption patterns, and sometimes electricity prices or the consequences of ...
Demand Response to Price
Variable spot prices, time-of-use (ToU) tariffs and variable grid tariffs provide incentives for sma...
Microgrid for Reliability of Supply
Microgrids become increasingly independent of the grid when there is communal storage and increased ...
Local Energy Trading
Market platforms for local energy trading, including peer-to-peer trading, are currently being devel...
Voltage Market (for Distributed Energy Resources)
Voltage control services are required when there are sudden changes in demand. This is because the a...
Aggregation of Industrial Demand
The aggregation of industrial demand can increase participation in balancing and flexibility markets...
Market Coordination Platforms
Flexibility market platforms offer integrated solutions for purchasing and selling flexibility. They...
Virtual Power Plants
The aggregation of distributed renewable energy generation and batteries enables their participation...
Aggregation of Small-Scale Demand
Aggregation of small-scale demand is necessary in the present power systems for small loads to be ab...
Battery for Reliability of Supply
To avoid blackouts or to enable a black start it is useful for the power grid that parts of it can b...
Black Start from Generation (Distributed Energy Resources)
The large growth in DER presents an opportunity to develop a new approach to black-start; however, t...
Supercapacitor in Hybrid Storage
This solution describes a supercapacitor which is used in combination with flywheel and battery stor...
Battery Technology
This solution consists of utilising the fast and versatile nature of batteries to provide ancillary ...
LAES/CAES + Flywheel
Mechanical storage includes storage methods such as compressed air energy storage (CAES), liquid air...
Hydrogen and Methane Production
Electricity can be stored in chemical products such as hydrogen and methane. These production facili...
Flexible Generation
Controllable power production can contribute to frequency balancing, adequacy and congestion managem...
Electric Vehicle Demand Response
EV chargers, particularly ‘super-fast’ ones, can pose challenges for congestion management, as well ...
Industrial Demand Response for Congestion Management and Adequacy
Power-intensive industry can adjust its consumption of power to the production of power in the grid ...
Thermal Storage
Thermal storage uses heat to store energy so that when demand peaks, the heat can produce electricit...
Industrial Demand Response for Frequency Balancing and Voltage Control
Power-intensive industry has large loads and fast response time, and therefore already offer reserve...